Android 多线程之IntentService 完全详解
Android 多线程之IntentService 完全详解
IntentService
一、IntentService概述
上一篇我们聊到了HandlerThread，本篇我们就来看看HandlerThread在IntentService中的应用，看本篇前建议先看看上篇的HandlerThread，有助于我们更好掌握IntentService。同样地，我们先来看看IntentService的特点：
- 它本质是一种特殊的Service,继承自Service并且本身就是一个抽象类
- 它可以用于在后台执行耗时的异步任务，当任务完成后会自动停止
- 它拥有较高的优先级，不易被系统杀死（继承自Service的缘故），因此比较适合执行一些高优先级的异步任务
- 它内部通过HandlerThread和Handler实现异步操作
- 创建IntentService时，只需实现onHandleIntent和构造方法，onHandleIntent为异步方法，可以执行耗时操作
二、IntentService的常规使用套路
大概了解了IntentService的特点后，我们就来了解一下它的使用方式，先看个案例：
IntentService实现类如下：
package com.zejian.handlerlooper;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import com.zejian.handlerlooper.util.LogUtils;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* Created by zejian
* Time 16/9/3.
* Description:
*/
public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL="download_url";
public static final String INDEX_FLAG="index_flag";
public static UpdateUI updateUI;
public static void setUpdateUI(UpdateUI updateUIInterface){
updateUI=updateUIInterface;
}
public MyIntentService(){
super("MyIntentService");
}
/**
* 实现异步任务的方法
* @param intent Activity传递过来的Intent,数据封装在intent中
*/
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
//在子线程中进行网络请求
Bitmap bitmap=downloadUrlBitmap(intent.getStringExtra(DOWNLOAD_URL));
Message msg1 = new Message();
msg1.what = intent.getIntExtra(INDEX_FLAG,0);
msg1.obj =bitmap;
//通知主线程去更新UI
if(updateUI!=null){
updateUI.updateUI(msg1);
}
//mUIHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg1,1000);
LogUtils.e("onHandleIntent");
}
//----------------------重写一下方法仅为测试------------------------------------------
@Override
public void onCreate() {
LogUtils.e("onCreate");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);
LogUtils.e("onStart");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
LogUtils.e("onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
LogUtils.e("onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
LogUtils.e("onBind");
return super.onBind(intent);
}
public interface UpdateUI{
void updateUI(Message message);
}
private Bitmap downloadUrlBitmap(String urlString) {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
BufferedInputStream in = null;
Bitmap bitmap=null;
try {
final URL url = new URL(urlString);
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), 8 * 1024);
bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
} catch (final IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (urlConnection != null) {
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (final IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return bitmap;
}
}
通过代码可以看出，我们继承了IntentService，这里有两个方法是必须实现的，一个是构造方法，必须传递一个线程名称的字符串，另外一个就是进行异步处理的方法onHandleIntent(Intent intent) 方法，其参数intent可以附带从activity传递过来的数据。这里我们的案例主要利用onHandleIntent实现异步下载图片，然后通过回调监听的方法把下载完的bitmap放在message中回调给Activity（当然也可以使用广播完成），*后通过Handler去更新UI。下面再来看看Acitvity的代码：
activity_intent_service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/image"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
IntentServiceActivity.java
package com.zejian.handlerlooper.util;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import com.zejian.handlerlooper.MyIntentService;
import com.zejian.handlerlooper.R;
/**
* Created by zejian
* Time 16/9/3.
* Description:
*/
public class IntentServiceActivity extends Activity implements MyIntentService.UpdateUI{
/**
* 图片地址集合
*/
private String url[] = {
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083245762",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083252184",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083311972",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083319668",
"http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160903083326871"
};
private static ImageView imageView;
private static final Handler mUIHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
imageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) msg.obj);
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_service);
imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
Intent intent = new Intent(this,MyIntentService.class);
for (int i=0;i<7;i++) {//循环启动任务
intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.DOWNLOAD_URL,url[i]);
intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.INDEX_FLAG,i);
startService(intent);
}
MyIntentService.setUpdateUI(this);
}
//必须通过Handler去更新，该方法为异步方法，不可更新UI
@Override
public void updateUI(Message message) {
mUIHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message,message.what * 1000);
}
}
代码比较简单，通过for循环多次去启动IntentService，然后去下载图片，注意即使我们多次启动IntentService，但IntentService的实例只有一个，这跟传统的Service是一样的，*终IntentService会去调用onHandleIntent执行异步任务。这里可能我们还会担心for循环去启动任务，而实例又只有一个，那么任务会不会被覆盖掉呢？其实是不会的，因为IntentService真正执行异步任务的是HandlerThread+Handler，每次启动都会把下载图片的任务添加到依附的消息队列中，*后由HandlerThread+Handler去执行。好~，我们运行一下代码：
每间隔一秒去更新图片，接着我们看一组log：
从Log可以看出onCreate只启动了一次，而onStartCommand和onStart多次启动，这就证实了之前所说的，启动多次，但IntentService的实例只有一个，这跟传统的Service是一样的，*后任务都执行完成后，IntentService自动销毁。以上便是IntentService德使用方式，怎么样，比较简单吧。接着我们就来分析一下IntentService的源码，其实也比较简单只有100多行代码。
三、IntentService源码解析
我们先来看看IntentService的onCreate方法：
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
当*启动IntentService时，它的onCreate方法将会被调用，其内部会去创建一个HandlerThread并启动它，接着创建一个ServiceHandler（继承Handler），传入HandlerThread的Looper对象，这样ServiceHandler就变成可以处理异步线程的执行类了（因为Looper对象与HandlerThread绑定，而HandlerThread又是一个异步线程，我们把HandlerThread持有的Looper对象传递给Handler后，ServiceHandler内部就持有异步线程的Looper，自然就可以执行异步任务了），那么IntentService是怎么启动异步任务的呢？其实IntentService启动后还会去调用onStartCommand方法，而onStartCommand方法又会去调用onStart方法，我们看看它们的源码：
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
从源码我们可以看出，在onStart方法中，IntentService通过mServiceHandler的sendMessage方法发送了一个消息，这个消息将会发送到HandlerThread中进行处理（因为HandlerThread持有Looper对象，所以其实是Looper从消息队列中取出消息进行处理，然后调用mServiceHandler的handleMessage方法），我们看看ServiceHandler的源码：
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
这里其实也说明onHandleIntent确实是一个异步处理方法（ServiceHandler本身就是一个异步处理的handler类），在onHandleIntent方法执行结束后，IntentService会通过 stopSelf(int startId)方法来尝试停止服务。这里采用stopSelf(int startId)而不是stopSelf()来停止服务，是因为stopSelf()会立即停止服务，而stopSelf(int startId)会等待所有消息都处理完后才终止服务。*后看看onHandleIntent方法的声明：
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);到此我们就知道了IntentService的onHandleIntent方法是一个抽象方法，所以我们在创建IntentService时必须实现该方法，通过上面一系列的分析可知，onHandleIntent方法也是一个异步方法。这里要注意的是如果后台任务只有一个的话，onHandleIntent执行完，服务就会销毁，但如果后台任务有多个的话，onHandleIntent执行完*后一个任务时，服务才销毁。*后我们要知道每次执行一个后台任务就必须启动一次IntentService，而IntentService内部则是通过消息的方式发送给HandlerThread的，然后由Handler中的Looper来处理消息，而Looper是按顺序从消息队列中取任务的，也就是说IntentService的后台任务时顺序执行的，当有多个后台任务同时存在时，这些后台任务会按外部调用的顺序排队执行，我们前面的使用案例也很好说明了这点。*后贴一下到IntentService的全部源码，大家再次感受一下：
/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package android.app;
import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
/**
* IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
* requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand. Clients send requests
* through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
* service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
* thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
*
* <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
* from an application's main thread. The IntentService class exists to
* simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics. To use it, extend
* IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}. IntentService
* will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
* appropriate.
*
* <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
* long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
* only one request will be processed at a time.
*
* <div class="special reference">
* <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
* <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the
* <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/services.html">Services</a> developer guide.</p>
* </div>
*
* @see android.os.AsyncTask
*/
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
private String mName;
private boolean mRedelivery;
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*
* @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
*/
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
/**
* Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
* with your preferred semantics.
*
* <p>If enabled is true,
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
* {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
* and the intent redelivered. If multiple Intents have been sent, only
* the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
*
* <p>If enabled is false (the default),
* {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
* {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
* dies along with it.
*/
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
mRedelivery = enabled;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
/**
* Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
* method, because the default implementation returns null.
* @see android.app.Service#onBind
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
/**
* This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
* Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
* worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
* So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
* the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
* When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
* so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
*
* @param intent The value passed to {@link
* android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}
此IntentService的源码就分析完了，嗯，本篇完结。
